Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

ReCoPII: A Relation-Grounded Framework for Building Contextual PII Masking Datasets

arXiv:2610.35925v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training contextual masking systems for personally identifiable information (PII) requires examples distinguishing maskable from preservable mentions of one entity type, but privacy restrictions limit access to real data. Author-based augmentation (SPY) labels mentions unrelated to the author as non-PII, presuming a single data subject and overlooking others. We propose ReCoPII (Relation-grounded Contextual PII masking), a framework that builds suc

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

MedJev: Evaluating Zero-Shot System-One Decision Making in Medicine

arXiv:2610.36006v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: System One decision models such as Jev answer structured questions in a single forward pass without generating text, offering fast and computationally efficient clinical decision support. We evaluate MedJev, an open System One model that runs locally on a laptop, across ten medical benchmarks spanning medical knowledge, diagnosis, and patient level prediction using MIMIC IV and MIMIC IV ED. We compare MedJev against zero shot LLM baselines, publish

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

OmniBrain-0: A Unified Agentic Model for Embodied Intelligence

arXiv:2610.36013v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose embodied intelligence requires robots to coordinate diverse skills over long horizons, track task progress, and recover from failures. Specialist policies alone do not ensure task-level reliability, while powerful multimodal agents rely on costly reasoning and external experience that compact models struggle to reproduce. We introduce OmniBrain-0, a lightweight unified embodied agent that coordinates manipulation and navigation thro

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

FinLLM-KG: Knowledge Graph-Enhanced LLMs for Financial Sentiment Analysis in Algorithmic Trading

arXiv:2610.36083v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in Generative AI have substantially improved financial sentiment analysis through post-trained financial large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches remain confined to predicting the sentiment of each article in isolation and operate as black boxes, which limits contextual understanding and hinders deployment in high-stakes financial decision-making. To this end, we introduce FinLLM-KG, a model-agnostic framework that

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

3, 7, 14, 17, 42: Instruction Tuning Installs and Sharpens Number-Choice Heuristics in Language Models

arXiv:2610.36178v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We measure, without sampling error, the probability a language model assigns to each integer from 1 to N when asked for a random number. For a fixed prompt the model defines one probability vector, which we compute by summing over each integer's scored spellings rather than estimate by sampling, removing the noise that limits earlier studies [1, 4]. We evaluate 18 open-weight model lines at five ranges up to N = 100, under 29 decoding configuration

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Lipi-Ghor: A Large-Scale, Diarized, Multi-Domain Bengali Speech Corpus and a Scalable Pipeline for Building It

arXiv:2610.36184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bengali, spoken by over 230 million people, remains severely under-resourced in spoken language research. Existing open Bengali ASR corpora are confined to short, read or crowd-sourced speech and lack speaker diarization and long-form audio. We present Lipi-Ghor, a large-scale weakly-supervised Bengali speech corpus comprising 885 hours of audio sourced from 998 YouTube videos across 596 unique channels, spanning 17 diverse domains including audiob

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Frankly Speaking: The Company Election Integrity Keeps in Congressional Communication

arXiv:2610.36187v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Election integrity is a shared commitment in American politics, but Democrats and Republicans in Congress increasingly mean different things by it. Analyzing 10,420 congressional e-newsletters sent from 2010 to 2025, we examine how the two parties invoke election terms such as ``integrity,'' ``security,'' and ``fraud.'' Using diachronic word embeddings, which track semantic change through how words are used in context, we measure how differently ea

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

LLM Hallucination Detection via Low-rank Multilinear Decomposition

arXiv:2610.36191v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate fluent yet factually incorrect responses, raising concerns about their reliability. Recent hallucination detectors increasingly exploit internal representations, but extracting informative signals from high-dimensional hidden states remains challenging. Existing approaches often rely on selected activations or pooling-based compression, potentially overlooking discriminative information distributed a

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Beyond IceBERT: Open-Data ModernBERT Encoders for Icelandic from 12M to 1B Parameters

arXiv:2610.36230v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: IceBERT, the reference encoder for Icelandic, found that a cleaned web crawl is enough to train a strong model and that starting from a multilingual model can help on some tasks. We revisit both findings with the ModernBERT architecture. We train Icelandic encoders from 12M to 1B parameters on 9B tokens of open data, and rerun IceBERT's benchmarks and five newer tasks for 30 encoders under one protocol with confidence intervals. Our 1B model traine

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Detect Before You Disambiguate: Perturbation-Based Input Ambiguity Detection in LLMs

arXiv:2610.36353v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) often answer ambiguous inputs as if they had a single intended meaning. This is problematic because input ambiguity is an upstream source of uncertainty: when a prompt admits multiple valid interpretations, the key question is whether the model should answer directly at all. Existing input uncertainty methods often rely on LLM-generated statements or clarifications, but such transformations may already disambiguate the

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

AK_QMUL at ArGuard Shared Tasks: A Single Fine-Tuned JAIS for Arabic Harmful-Prompt Detection

arXiv:2610.36360v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present AK_QMUL's submissions to the ArGuard-2026 shared tasks on Arabic harmful-prompt detection: a binary safe/unsafe task (B1) and a seven-way harm-domain task (B2). Both submissions use one backbone -- JAIS-6.7B fine-tuned with 4-bit QLoRA and a linear classification head over its last-token representation. For B1 we train a four-way head that factors the label by dialect register {safe, unsafe} x {MSA, other}, we augment the training fold w

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

No Tokenizer, Still a Gap: Cross-Lingual Fairness of Homoglyph and Invisible-Character Watermarking

arXiv:2610.36432v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Homoglyph and invisible-character watermarks are edit-based watermarks. Instead of changing how a model generates text, they hide a signal in the text after it is written. They swap some characters for homoglyphs, which look the same, or very similar, but have different Unicode code points, or they insert characters that do not display, all without access to the model that wrote the text. Generation-time watermarks work less well for lower-resource

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

CONCUR: Concordant Auxiliary Rewards for Multi-Task, Multi-Reward Reinforcement Learning

arXiv:2610.36437v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When a Large Language Model (LLM) is trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) on multiple tasks, a task's primary reward can gate auxiliary rewards such as a length reward: on a failing response, an auxiliary cannot exceed the primary. However, group-relative advantage estimators treat a gated auxiliary like any other component, so it can reverse the primary's order, and at the primary's ceiling only auxiliaries order responses. Keeping gated auxil

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Do AI Scientists Know What's New?

arXiv:2610.36511v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A major challenge facing AI scientific discovery pipelines is how to determine when a generated idea is meaningfully novel. Ideally, novelty checks in these pipelines must be able to reject non-novel ideas while not rejecting too many novel ideas, and they should also be able to distinguish which parts of a proposal are non-novel, as opposed to opaquely discarding entire proposals. We design an analytical framework for evaluation of novelty checks

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Benchmarking Task Takeover Across Agent Handoffs

arXiv:2610.36523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As agents collaborate on longer tasks, responsibility may pass between models before the work is complete. The receiving model must build on prior decisions, observations, and actions while addressing the remaining requirements. Evaluating this transition requires connecting the information preserved at handoff to how the receiver continues the work, a relationship that task-success and memory-retention scores alone do not capture. We introduce the

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Causal Localization of Evidence Effects in Transformers

arXiv:2610.36524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Can controlled symbolic inputs reveal attention heads that influence a language model's decisions from natural language evidence? We introduce controlled evidence aggregation (CEA), which varies the counts and order of two symbols in otherwise fixed prompts and measures changes in a frozen Transformer's preference between two answer tokens. The preference is measured by their logit difference; the prompts prescribe no correct answer. Balanced utili

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

ETC-Bench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluation-Side Transcript Canonicalization

arXiv:2610.36527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Written transcripts of the same speech can differ in ways that are not uniquely determined by the speech signal. We formulate evaluation-side transcript canonicalization (ETC), which maps multiple surface forms to a single canonical form when their differences are not determined by speech. To our knowledge, ETC-Bench is the first and most comprehensive multilingual benchmark for evaluation-side transcript canonicalization, covering 181 phenomenon t

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Agentic Data Sampling Framework for Multilingual ASR via Linguistic-Aware Error-Driven Optimization

arXiv:2610.36538v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) has achieved rapid progress with large-scale pretrained models and multilingual speech corpora. Previous studies have proved the pivotal role of data sampling in multilingual ASR performance. However, existing sampling strategies largely rely on time-consuming manual, heuristic-based designs. To address this, we propose a linguistic-aware agentic data sampling framework that introduces a data sampling

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Structured Maps for Landmark-Based Route Instructions with LLMs

arXiv:2610.36582v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To generate landmark-based route instructions, models must understand both map geometry and human landmark preferences. Although large language models (LLMs) show great abilities in language tasks, the best way to structure map data for these models is not yet established. This paper proposes a structured text representation for landmark selection tasks in route navigation, utilizing SVG format to encode spatial features. The structured text mainta

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Japanese Discourse Structure Analysis Based on Segmented Discourse Representation Theory Using LLMs

arXiv:2610.36667v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Discourse parsing based on Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) is crucial for capturing the structural dynamics of dialogues. However, most prior research focuses on English, and its effectiveness for Japanese remains unclear owing to the lack of Japanese SDRT corpora. To address this issue, we construct Japanese SDRT corpora by translating existing English SDRT corpora using an LLM. Through a comparative evaluation of prompt-based and

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

A Quantitative Approach to Asch Conformity in Frontier Large Language Models

arXiv:2610.36668v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The Asch conformity experiment has recently gained considerable attention as a way of measuring conformity in large language models (LLMs). While previous studies have focused on demonstrating conformity in LLMs, our work adds a further quantitative layer to this approach. Instead of sampling a frontier LLM on a suite of questions, our approach samples a single question repeatedly, leveraging the probabilistic nature of LLMs to produce a distributi

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Specialization, Diversity, and Scaling in Child-Scale Language Models

arXiv:2610.36679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern language models are trained on far more language than children experience, but we know much less about learning from small, naturalistic datasets. We train small GPT-2 models on transcripts of speech with children from dense home recordings (BabyView) and on synthetic child-directed dialogue (TinyDialogues), varying the amount, source, and diversity of training data. Models trained on one child's language environment predict that environment

arXiv · 2026年10月28日

Is Token Confidence Just Chain Length? A Signal-Processing Audit of Reasoning Traces

arXiv:2610.36709v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning language models answer math problems by writing long chains of thought, and sampling many chains per problem and taking a majority vote raises accuracy at a large cost in generated text. A popular way to cut that cost scores each chain by the model's confidence in each token it writes, where a token is a word or part of a word. The method averages this confidence over a sliding window of 2048 tokens and keeps or stops chains based on the